\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 (Sekhon et al., 2020) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628) \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 (\u0647\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Sekhon et al., 2020) \u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/a> \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c (Derobeus et al.,2017)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 35% \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Otte et al., 2016). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Schramm et al., 2020) \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/a> (Reiser et al.,2017) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 (\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633\u060c 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\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 (\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c 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\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Perugi et al., 2015)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Furnham et al., 2008)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/a> “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b” (Partonen et al.,2010) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (DSM-5) \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a (2022)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Wakschlag et al., 2012) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 1490 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 83.7% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 8.6\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0636 (PMS)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Halbreich et al., 2003) \u0623\u0646 13 – 18 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a> (Carmer et al.,2009) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064e\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1- Sekhon, S., & Gupta, V. (2020). Mood Disorder<\/a>. National Library of Medicine<\/em>. Published online 2020 Jul 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2- Derobeis, R &Strunk, D. (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders<\/em><\/a>.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n 3- Cramer, V., et al. \u201cMood disorders and quality of life. A community study<\/a>\u201d. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry<\/em>, Published online: 02 Nov 2009. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08039480903287565<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 4- Reiser, R. ,et al. (2017). Bipolar Disorder<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 5- Partonen, T. PandiPerumal, S. (2010). \u201cSeasonal Affective Disorder<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 6- American Psychiatric Association (2022). \u201cDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5)<\/a>\u201d. American Psychiatric Publishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7- Otte, et al., \u201cMajor depressive disorder<\/a>\u201d. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2016. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 8- Schramm et al., \u201cReview of dysthymia and persistent depressive disorder: history, correlates, and clinical implications<\/a>\u201d. The Lancet Psychiatry, September 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 9- Perugi et al. \u201cCyclothymia reloaded: A reappraisal of the most misconceived affective disorder<\/a>\u201d. Journal of affective disorders, 2015 Sep 1;183:119-33. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jad.2015.05.004<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10- Furnham et al. \u201cPersonality, hypomania, intelligence, and creativity<\/a>\u201d. Personality and individual differences, April 2008. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2007.10.035<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11- Halbreich et al. \u201cThe prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS\/PMDD)<\/a>\u201d. Psychoneuroendocrinology, Volume 28, Supplement 3, August 2003. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4530(03)00098-2<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 12- Wakschlag, et al. \u201cDefining the developmental parameters of temper loss in early childhood: implications for developmental psychopathology<\/a>\u201d. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Published online 2012 Aug 29. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02595.x<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 13- Mood Disorders<\/a>, hopkinsmedicine.org, retrieved on 11\/6\/2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 14- Mood Disorders<\/a>, Clevelandclinic.org, retrieved on 11\/6\/2023. 15- Bipolar Disorder<\/a>, unc.edu, retrieved on 11\/6\/2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628) \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 (\u0647\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":710,"featured_media":34835,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-15","entry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\n
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